Adolf Hitler Conspiracies Essay

Did Adolph Hitler really commit suicide on April 30, 1945? Hitler is believed to have poisoned and shot himself along with his newlywed wife, Eva Braun, on April 30, 1945 while in an underground bunker in Berlin. Then, Hitler and his wife’s body were burned outside the bunker. However, many questioned whether this really happened so they have conspiracies on Hitler’s death. Three main conspiracies that really challenge Hitler’s suicide are that the skull found in the bunker did not belong to him, no shots were heard by bystanders in the bunker, and he had an imposter kill himself. So Hitler’s death may have been a hoax due to the evidence from several sources, showing that Hitler may have never committed suicide in that bunker and he had escaped from Germany. The skull that was believed to be Hitler’s, which was taken by the Russian army and preserved by Soviet intelligence, is now proven by DNA analysis to be of a woman under 40 years old. The bodies of Hitler and Eva Braun, Hitler’s wife, after they died, were said to have been wrapped in blankets and carried to the â€Å"garden outside the bunker, placed in a bomb crater, doused with petrol and set ablaze† (â€Å"Fresh Doubts over Hitler’s Death†¦Ã¢â‚¬  3). However, Stalin, who was suspicious about Hitler’s fate, had the Russian forensics team dig up Hitler’s body, but a part of the skull was missing. The Russians eventually found the other fragment to make ensure Hitler’s death. However, American researchers were finally able to examine the skull fragment after it had been under strict possession of the Soviets. The researchers found out the skull fragment belonged to a women under 40 years old because in their DNA analysis of the skull they found that â€Å"the bone seemed very thin; male bone tends to be more robust. Also the sutures where the skull plates come together seemed to correspond to someone under 40† (â€Å"Fresh Doubts over Hitler’s Death†¦Ã¢â‚¬  2). But Hitler was 56 in April 1945 so the skull could not have belonged to him. Braun was believed to have been killed as well so the skull fragment could belong to her and she was 33 years old when she died. Overall, Hitler’s suicide has been greatly challenged by this astonishing discovery about the skull fragment believed to be Hitler’s. Skull Fragment Believed to Belong to a Woman, not Hitler (â€Å"Fresh Doubts over Hitler’s Death..† 1) Nobody actually saw Hitler shoot himself on April 30, 1945. The guards near the bunker claimed they heard nothing, but many of them withdrew their claims because they said Allied interrogators pressured them into saying that. Also some people who claimed to have heard the shot weren’t even there. Otto Gunsche, Hitler’s SS adjutant, claimed to have been in the conference room with Nazi Party Secretary Martin Bormann and Propagnda Minister Josef Gobbels when he heard the shot, and then he claimed they â€Å"rushed to the anteroom with Gobbels in lead† (â€Å"Adolf Hitler Death and Survival Myths† 2). However, Rattenhuber, commander of Hitler’s SS guards claimed that Gunsche was already in the anteroom when he arrived. So Gunsche could’ve helped Hitler escape from the bunker without anyone else knowing. Also Hitler’s chauffeur Erich Kempka and former Reich Youth leader Artur Axmann claimed that they saw a body being carried out of the bunker â€Å"which was wrapped in blanket and was dressed in Hitler’s trousers, shoes and socks†, but they didn’t get a valid identification of Hitler. If no one actually physically saw or heard Hitler shoot himself, how do they know he really shot himself ? Layout of Hitler’s Bunker (â€Å"Navona Numismatics..† 1) Most of the conspiracies on Hitler’s death have to do with him having a double. Around 2 P.M on April 30, 1945, Hitler had a strange conversation with his personal pilot, Hans Baur. Baur begged Hitler to escape to Argentina, to Japan, or to an Arab country, but Hitler responded â€Å"I am ending my earthly stay.† (â€Å"Adolf Hitler Death and Survival Myths† 2). Notice Hitler said â€Å"earthly stay† instead of â€Å"life† which implies that Hitler was no longer going to be on Earth or that he was planning some sort of escape. Between 2:30 P.M and 3 P.M, Gunsche made a phone call to Kempka and asked him for two hundred liters of gasoline to be at the entrance of the Fuhrerbunker. Notice that Hitler did not make the phone. Could this have meant Hitler had already escaped and his double filled in his place? The Russian’s photo of Hitler’s corpse was indeed not Hitler, it was his double, or Doppelganger, Gustav Weber , who was executed with a gunshot to the forehead, and it’s obvious that it’s not Hitler because Hitler shot himself in the temple. Russian photo of â€Å"Hitler Corpse† (â€Å"Adolf Hitler Death and Survival Myths† 4). Adolf Hitler’s suicide on April 30, 1945 has been challenged by these three conspiracies: the skull found in the bunker did not belong to him, no shots were heard by bystanders in the bunker, and he had an imposter kill himself. In the first conspiracy, researchers were able to examine the skull that was believed to belong to Hitler, but after a DNA analysis of the skull, they found out that the skull belonged to a female under the age of 40 due to its thickness and structure. Then in the second conspiracy, Hitler’s bodygurads and comrades who were in the bunker with him claim to have never saw or heard the gunshot from Hitler’s suicide. In the final conspiracy, Hitler was believed to have a double take his place and commit suicide while he escaped out of the bunker. All three of the conspiracies have valid and credible evidence so if they are true, then Adolf Hitler may have indeed faked his death and escaped from Germany on April 30, 1945.

Howard Hughes

Legend of the Aviator Howard Hughes is a man of many mysteries, very few actual facts are known about him. Historians constantly argue to decipher which of their theories are correct and which are Just over glorified rumors. The fact is Hughes liked to keep to himself. This man left behind not only the â€Å"Legend of the Aviator† but also one of the biggest gaps in the world of film and aviation. â€Å"Hughes was the ambassador who ushered in a new era of living and a new way of life† (Hack 5). He introduced new ideas and accomplished things that people had deemed impossible.He believed that with his oney nothing was impossible, he made that very apparent through his invention's. He designed planes and made some of the most revolutionary movies that captivated the minds of millions. Howard lived his life behind closed doors, hiding all of his true ambitions and how he achieved them. He also hid the world from not only his crazed ideas but also his mental illness, perha ps because he himself did not know that he was mentally ill. Howard Hughes related every aspect of his life to modernism. Not only did he relate to modernism but he himself was a modernist.His ingenious ideas ere thought to be radical for his time but at the same time they were somewhat inspirational. He was an idealistic man who looked beyond the possible and did not take no for an answer. Because of this, he broke world records and raised the bar for the upcoming 20th century. In order to truly understand this man, his actions, and how the â€Å"Legend of the Aviator† started one has to look into early life. If there ever was a more crucial part of anyones life it was Howard Hughes' upbringing. Hughes birth place and date are not precisely known and are still a major controversy.What ou need to know is that he was born somewhere in Texas in the year 1905. He was born to a very fortunate family. At the time Hughes father Robert was the sole owner ofa crucial piece of equipme nt that was used to drill oil. His father made it rich selling land that contained massive oil deposits and by designing and selling the only drill bit that was strong enough to penetrate hard layers of granite. This drill bit was also the only one that could actually drill deep enough to tap into large oil reserves. In later years Hughes took over the family company after the death of his father in 1924.He inherited 75 percent of Hughes Tool Co. and later bought out the other 25 percent from the rest of his family (Hack 43). He was inspired to be like his father, a businessman. At heart, Hughes was not a businessman but his positive â€Å"go get 'em† attitude helped him seem like one. Hughes' company was once accused of being a monopoly, his response was simply â€Å"We don't have an monopoly. Anyone who wants to dig a well without a Hughes bit can always use a pick and shovel† (Howard 1). Howard Hughes was one of the most iconic fgures of the earlier half of the 20th century.He revolutionized the airline industry, presenting ideas that made flights smother and took less time from takeoff to landing. He single handedly defeated the social norms of his time and was known for setting a certain standard of class. Modernism by broad definition is, â€Å"a style or movement in the arts that aims to break that his individual attitude and matches that of modernism. In 1927 the film industry was booming, and Hollywood was at its highest peak in setting new standards. Out of now where a 23 year old millionaire came from Texas and dropped millions of dollars nto one single film.People were skeptical and thought of this producer as a crazed Texan with money that Just wanted to find a way to spend it, but as proven by Howard Hughes they were wrong. Three years later Hughes' movie was release. He had successfully raised the bar for film industry. The movie Hell's Angels had broken the record for the highest budget spent, most time ever spent on a film and t he highest yield (Hell's 1). The critics withdrew their previous remarks and Howard Hughes' name in the film industry was established. Now the man not only owned a great share of the oil arket but now had his foot in the film industry.He produced films, directed movies, and threw around his money around as if it would never leave his side. Some would call it a gamble, and it was but he never did lose that money. Many people that tried to follow in his footsteps ended up broke, and with nothing left in their pockets. For Hughes it was never the case, he was an invincible man. He could do anything he wanted and have any thing he desired. His bank account kept on growing despite his vast expenditures on his little projects. After working on Hell's Angels he got more nvolved in aviation. Howard Hughes, the man who is known as the Aviator. After production on Hell's Angels was wrapped up, Hughes became more involved in aviation and started designing his own planes† (Hack 103). He c reated some of the fastest planes and thought up ideas that seemed impossible or even pointless. For example, the Hughes H-1 Racer. He designed this plane to be fast, his goal was to take off everything on the plane that it did not need and by doing so he made it light and aerodynamic, thus giving the plane greater speed. He sunk the screws into the aluminum exterior educing wind resistance and made many other small advancements that gave his plane a design that was superior to others.Because of this fascination with planes he always had work. Aviation design opened the door for government contracts designing and creating prototypes of spy planes. Once this door was opened, it shaped Hughes future for years to come. His government contracts were the basis of most of the rumors about Hughes. In his later life scams arose about Howard Hughes, himself trying to plot ways to kill Cuban leader Fidel Castro, along with CIA operations that were claimed to be associated with Hughes. These c laims were later discovered to be coverups for a CIA reconnaissance mission of a Soviet Union Nuclear Submarine.To allude the attention of the public to their massive ships trolling international waters, the CIA claimed that it was simply a drilling rig operation owned by Howard Hughes (Central 2). It was later discovered that he had absolutely nothing to do with this government reconnaissance mission and had no knowledge of it. This man didn't always have the best of luck. On two occasions he came close to death. He dodged death and survived two deadly plane crashes. In his first plane crash he was one of the two survivors, out of the four XF-11, â€Å"a military plane that was designed with a counter rotating double propeller system† (History 1).It was the first of its kind and in early experimental stages. Hughes took the XF-11 for its first test flight. Upon his return to the Air Force base after a very successful first flight, he lost oil pressure in one of the right eng ines. Rapidly losing altitude he attempted to crash land in a Beverly Hills mansion. Upon impact the plane's fuel tank ruptured and ignited. Hughes barely managed to escape eath, sustaining third degree burns on most of his body and this left him with a severe case of â€Å"Complex Regional Pain Syndrome† (Hughes's 1).The Aviator died on April 4, 1976 (Hack 215). At this point in his life he was dependent on opiates and codeine and had a hygiene issues. He would only cut his hair once a year and was supposedly seen with long grown out fingernails. He became so mentally ill that he believed that the germs did not come from him but came from the world which is ironic because his health was in very poor condition. He died of malnutrition and kidney damage. X-rays later revealed hat he had five broken off hypodermic needles in his arm.

To Study Swot Analysis for Portfolio Management Services Offered by Sharekhan Ltd.

SUMMERY In today’s business environment many of stockbroker’s offers PMS (Portfolio Management Services). While observing the business environment of Stockbrokers the main business is how they offer low brokerage and better services to the clients. In this context an attempt is made to study the SWOT analysis of PMS (Portfolio Management Services) offered by SHREKHAN Ltd. Which highlights what are the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of PMS (Portfolio Management Services) offered by SHREKHAN Ltd. as compare to other competitors offered this scheme. Also take the interview of 100 clients and observe what the expectations about the PMS (Portfolio Management Services) are offered by SHREKHAN Ltd TABLE OF CONTENTS ? Acknowledgments †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ? Abbreviations †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ? An Executive Summary †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ? Industry Profile†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ? Company Profile†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ? Market share of Share khan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ? Introduction to project†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ? Hypothesis of the Project †¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ? Objectives Project†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ? Limitations of the Project†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ? Research Methodology †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ? Empirical Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ? Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ? Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Abbreviation AMC:Annual Maintenance charges. BSE:Bombay Stock Exchange. DP:Depository participant. IPO:Initial Public Offer. MCX:Multi Commodity Exchange. MT:Management Thesis. NAV:Net Asset Value. NCDEX:National Commodity and derivatives Exchange. NCFM:National Stock Exchange Certification In Financial  services. NFO:New Fund Offer. NSE:National Stock Exchange. PMS:Portfolio Management Services. SEBI:Security Exchange Board of India. Industry Profile By 1830's business on corporate stocks and shares in Bank and Cotton presses took place in Bombay, there were only half a dozen brokers recognized by banks and merchants during 1840 and 1850. In 1860-61 the number of brokers increased to about 200 to 250. In 1895, the Stock Exchange acquired a premise in the same street and it was inaugurated in 1899. Thus, the Stock Exchange at Bombay was combining. Trading Pattern of the Indian Stock Market Trading in Indian stock exchanges is limited to listed securities of public limited companies. They are broadly divided into two categories, namely, †¢ Specified securities (forward list) †¢ Non-specified securities (cash list). A member broker in an Indian stock exchange can act as an agent, buy and sell securities for his clients on a commission basis. National Stock Exchange (NSE) The National Stock Exchange was incorporated in 1992 by Industrial Development Bank of India, ICICI, all Insurance Corporations, selected commercial banks and others. Trading at NSE can be classified under two broad categories: (a) Wholesale debt market and (b) Capital market. Wholesale debt market operations are similar to money market operations – institutions and corporate bodies enter into high value transactions in financial instruments such as government securities, treasury bills, public sector unit bonds, commercial paper, certificate of deposit, etc. There are two kinds of players in NSE: 1. Trading members and 2. Participants. Recognized members of NSE are called trading members who trade on behalf of themselves and their clients. Participants include trading members and large players like banks who take direct settlement responsibility. India's oldest and first stock exchange is Bombay Stock Exchange which is established in 1875. More than 6,000 stocks listed in BSE. Totally there are 22 stock exchanges in India. They are located in Ahmadabad, Bangalore, Calcutta, Chennai, Delhi etc. There is also a National Stock Exchange (NSE) which is located in Mumbai. There is also an Over the Counter Exchange of India (OTCEI) which allows listing of small and medium sized companies. The regulatory agency which oversees the functioning of stock markets is the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), which is also located in Bombay Overview of Company Sharekhan is a firm, which is working under SSKI (S. S. Kantilal Ishwarlal Securities Ltd. ). SSKI was founded in 1922. SSKI is One of India’s Oldest Brokerage Houses Having Eight Decades of Experience into: ? Institutional Broking ? Investment Banking ? Retail Broking It is one of the Founding members of the Stock Exchange, Mumbai and Pioneer Institutional Broker. SSKI Entered into Retail Broking in 1985. Share khan is the Retail Broking Arm of the BIG 80 Years old organization i. e. of SSKI and â€Å"Sharekhan† is the Brand Name given to its Retail Business. SSKI carries out its Retail Broking Activities under â€Å"Sharekhan† Brand Name. Sharekhan Outlets act as Full Service Investment Solutions Provider, providing you wide range of services like – ? Equity & Derivatives Trading on NSE and BSE ? Online Trading ? Commodities Trading on MCX & NCDEX ? Portfolio Management Services ? Depository Services ? IPO Services ? Wide Range of Customized Research Products ? Uniform Service Standards Offerings of the Sharekhan: – Sharekhan offers both Offline and online trading account. But now a days it mostly concentrates on online trading account through which a customer can buy and sell shares in an instant from any part of the globe trough website. It does not take into account any type of physical restriction of going to the broker for carrying out a transaction or any type of settlement of payment. It facilitates the customer a speedy and hassle free transaction. Share khan’s product consists of a 4-in-1 concept, which integrates: †¢   D-mat Account †¢ Trading Account †¢ Bank Link †¢ Dial-N-Trade For doing a trading of shares everyone need D-mat A/C. In his D-mat A/C one can keep his shares. Then Sharekhan provides a Trading A/C  . Through this trading account, a Sharekhan customer can directly transfer his funds from his savings account i. e. from bank account to Sharekhan to his trading account without any paper work. He can buy and sell shares from the website and also view the market prices of the shares he trades on the terminal. Sharekhan. com allows trading at present only on NSE. BSE trading will be shortly available. To open an account a customer requires filling up a form consisting of 12 agreements, a passport size photograph, a residential proof, a photo id proof and a cheque drawn of respective amount in favor of S. S. Kantilal Ishwarlal Securities Pvt. Ltd. & From 22 March, 2007  cheque is drawn in favor of Sharekhan Ltd. itself. After opening an account with Sharekhan, a customer will be given User id, Membership password and trading password, which will enable him to access his account and trade. Products of â€Å"SHAREKHAN†: – Sharekhan offers 2 types of products according to the volume-based requirements of the investors that are as follows:  Ã‚   CLASSIC ACCOUNT: †¢ This account allows the client to trade through the website and is suitable for the retail investors. Here maximum scripts that can be shown on the terminal are only 25. Also the technical charts are not available. †¢ It’s a JAVA BASED APPLET, which allows trading only through website and see latest prices of the scripts of your choice which is attached below. †¢ This account also allows trading in Derivatives. †¢ The lifetime registration charge for this account is Rs. 750 and there is no constraint of minimum turnover. SPEED TRADE ACCOUNT: – o This is ideal for active traders who transact frequently during day’s trading session to capitalize on intra-day price movements. Speed trade is Internet-based application based software, which is available on a CD, which provides everything a trader needs on one screen, thereby, reducing the time required to execute a trade. o Speed trade offers a tick-by-tick update on stock price movements with market depth and intra-day chart and lets the client do his own stock/technical analysis. o While the Lifetime charge for this account is Rs. 1000 /- with a minimum brokerage of Rs. 1500 /- to be generated each quarterly. OFF LINE SERVICES- ? In this Dmats A/C is open in Rs 350/- ? In this trader has to come in office for trading. Bank Connection: – Sharekhan has affiliation with 8 banks, which allows its customers to enjoy the facility of instant credit and transfer of funds from his savings bank account to his Sharekhan trading account. The affiliated banks are as follows:   ? HDFC BANK ? UTI BANK ? CITI BANK ? ICICI BANK ? OBC BANK ? UNION BANK ? INDUSLAND BANK ? IDBI BANK DIAL-N-TRADE: – It is also an exclusive service available to all Sharekhan customers for trading in shares via the telephone. On dialing the toll free number 1800-22-7500 the customer will be directed to a tele-broker who will buy or sell shares for him. After Hour Orders: – Sharekhan customers also enjoy the facility of placing orders even after the trading hours, and the orders are executed as soon as the market opens. Brokerage:- †¢ It is one of the important things, which are observed by the customer while opening a D-mat A/C. †¢ For Intraday Transactions they charge 0. 05 % on each leg Transaction. †¢ For Delivery Transactions they charge 0. 50 % on each leg Transaction. & †¢ For Derivatives Transactions they charge 0. 05 % on each leg Transaction. Trade in Commodity: – Sharekhan also trade in commodities like Bullion: Gold / Silver and Agricultural commodities through Sharekhan Commodity Pvt. Ltd. which are a wholly owned subsidiary of its parent SSKI. Research Team of Sharekhan: – Research and in-depth knowledge of markets provide better than speculations or reacting to rumors. Research team provides knowledge to their customers about market condition. †¢ In morning they provide â€Å"Eagle Eye† which tells about how the market will be in whole day. †¢ In afternoon they provide â€Å"High Noon† which tells that up to that time how was the market and what about the remaining time what will be the condition of the market. †¢ After the market they analyze the market summery of the whole day and give idea about next day market. Mobile-N-Trade facility: – Now Sharekhan is providing the facility that their customers can do trading with the help of their mobile handset. For that purpose they have to pay some extra charge to activate that facility. Importance of the research to the Organization: – 1) The organization get’s the competitive information about the pricing strategy of their competitor’s. 2) Through that they can establish their new pricing strategy to gain competitive advantage. 3) They came to know the effects of using the pricing strategy in the market. Location of company: SHAREKHAN Limited Cross Land, 1204/22, J M Road, Opposite Shambhaji Park, Shivajinagar, Pune, 411005 Phone No. :  020 25520002 Way to Share Khan (JM Road, Pune) Products of Sharekhan:- 1) Stock broking (NSE,BSE) 2) F & O broking (Future and option) 3) PMS (Portfolio Management Services) 4) Commodity trading 5) Insurance 6) Mutual fund 7) Pan card 8) IPO (Initial public offer) |Sharekhan Services | |Sharekhan, one of India's leading brokerage houses, is the retail arm of  SSKI. With over 510 share shops in 170 cities, and India's premier online trading | |portal www. sharekhan. com, our customers enjoy multi-channel access to the stock markets. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Introduction The project assigned is â€Å"TO Study SWOT Analysis For Portfolio Management Services Offered By SHAREKHAN Ltd. In JM Road, Pune†. The purpose of project is to understand Portfolio Management Services, its function, terms involved in and types of Portfolio Management Services. And also study competitors PMS Services in this way that to help the company in its day-to-day work. I worked with the company as a management trainee in SHAREKHAN ltd. Hypothesis 1. People those have large excess money interested in investing in PMS. 2. Retail investors are also now take interest in this scheme. 3. PMS scheme does not have more impact on sales revenue of SHAREKHAN. OBJECTIVE ? To study Portfolio Management Services Offered By SHAREKHAN Ltd. To understand Portfolio Management Services and its importance. ? To study various types of Portfolio Management Services ? To know about the Portfolio Management Services Offered by competitors of SHAREKHAN Ltd ? To understand and know various term s used in and process used in Portfolio Management Services in market. ? Make the SWOT analysis of Portfolio Management Services offered by SHAREKHAN Ltd. LIMITATIONS While completing this project following limitations are occurred: ? Graphical Constraint: – ? Wrong Mind Set about Share Market: – ? Lack of awareness: – ? Lack of Money: – Methodology This project is Descriptive type of the project. In this project I considered only the part of pricing strategy of the organization, and I also studied the topic of my Management Thesis from angle of 360 degree. This project comes under the Formal Research in which objectives are clearly defined and where researcher gathers whole information about all aspects of the project. There is a formal procedure to conduct research; I followed following steps of methodology to conduct the research, Identifying & Defining Problem Planning the Research Design Selecting a Research Method Selecting a Sampling Procedure Data Collection Evaluating the Data Preparing the Research Report Sources of the Information: – While collecting the data for project two types of Sources are used. 1. Primary sources : – In this, data is collected directly from respondents using questionnaire, direct observation & interview techniques. So for this purpose I visited 150 people in the JM Road, Pune. I interviewed them and asked them various questions related to my project and try to find out the actual result 2. Secondary sources: – In this type of data collection I used the information which is already collected by some other person or in printed form before I collected. Sources of secondary data include websites, books, Internet, Journals and also the pamphlets, and the broachers made by the company for their advertisement, etc. I used above methodology & data sources for my project by following steps What is PMS (Portfolio Management Services)? Meaning of PMS The word portfolio means a set or group or combination of securities held by and investor. And the word management means to conduct or manage in a proper way. Thus it means managing of share in a proper way expecting the risk and return. Portfolio Management is the process of selecting a bundle of securities that will provide the investing organization a maximum yield for a given level of risk or alternatively ensure minimum risk for a given level of return. A portfolio is defined a s the composite set of ownership rights to financial assets in which the investor wishes to invest. Portfolios are, thus, composed of securities. It means manages your money by fund manager. It just like Invest your money in PMS, sit back and do nothing. † Advantages of investing in PMS V/s Mutual Fund †¢ You have greater control over the asset allocation, whereas it is automatic in a mutual fund. †¢ The portfolio can be customized to suit your risk-return profile †¢ The portfolio man ager has relatively greater flexibility to move in and out of cash as and when required depending on the market view. †¢ Typically, charges are lower and more transparent in PMS vis a vis a Mutual Fund †¢ Holdings not impacted by entry / exit of the investors. How Sharekhan Manages Portfolio? Sharekhan portfolio Management Services ? Protech ? Proprime ? Proarbitrage [pic] A Trading based portfolio management scheme :- Sharekhan introduces a PMS Protech for- a client with higher risk profile using the tenents of Technical Analysis. Product Offerings 1. Nifty Thrifty 2. Beta Portfolio 1. Nifty Thrifty:- Nifty futures are bought and sold on the basis of an automated trading system that generates calls to go long / short. The exposure never exceeds value of portfolio i. e. there is no leveraging; but being short in Nifty allows you to earn even in falling markets and there by generates linear returns. Features of Nifty thrifty: o Nifty futures are bought and sold on the basis of an automated trading system that generates calls to go long / short. The exposure will never exceeds the value of the portfolio i. e. no leveraging; but will allow to be short in Nifty in falling market therefore allowing the client to earn irrespective of the market direction. o The balance money will be invested in Liquid Funds o Money management rules will be in place to see th at the capital is not eroded. 2. Beta Portfolio:- Stocks in long term technical up trends are identified at various inflection points in their trading cycles. 80% of the portfolio is traded in delivery of such stocks. 20% is used in creating and options book i. e. buying calls/puts of the index / stocks to increase the portfolio beta and hedge against pitfalls. Features of Beta Portfolio: Stocks in long term technical up trends are identified at various inflection points in their trading cycles o 80% of the portfolio is traded in delivery of such stocks. o 20% is used in creating and options book i. e. buying calls/puts of the index / stocks to increase the portfolio beta and hedge against pitfalls. o The use of timing for delivery and options for a higher beta will attempt to offer a superior rate of returns by taking a risk only 20% of the capital. o Money management rules will be in place to see that the capital is not eroded. o Portfolio rebalancing may be conducted between the cash and options segments based on the profitability of each segment. Product characteristics: Using swing/momentum based index trading systems with stop/reverse trend following. ? Investor get the best of worlds by: ? Having positions in cash and options ? Delivery positions enable profit maximization, while options position offered high beta short term profit in the same portfolio. ? Low impact cost. Product details: †¢ Minimum investment Rs. 5 Lakh †¢ Lock in for 3 months †¢ Fortnightly reporting of Portfolio Net Worth †¢ Monthly reporting of Portfolio Holdings/Transactions †¢ 20% profit sharing fees on booked profits quarterly basis †¢ 5% discount on profit sharing fees [to 15%] for investment of 1 crore OR lock in of 1 year. †¢ 0% AMC fees Brokerage 0. 05% for derivatives and 0. 30% for delivery. Nifty futures will be bought and sold on the basis of an automated trading system that will generate calls to go long/short. The system has been test ed over the last 20 years of data  and  performance has been very good [details or returns v/s risk are available  for interested investors]. The portfolio's exposure will never exceed the value of the portfolio, i. e. there shall be no leveraging. But the strategy will allow us to go short/hedge on Nifty in falling markets, thereby yielding returns irrespective of the market direction. The portfolio will either be long or short at all point time. Nifty Thrifty: | |Nifty futures are bought and sold on the basis of an automated trading system that generates calls to go long/short. The | |exposure never exceeds value of portfolio i. e. there is no leveraging; but being short in Nifty allows you to earn even in | |falling markets and there by generateslinear | Product offerings: 1. The Aggressive Scheme: Ideal for investors looking at higher returns with high risk appetite. This portfolio consists of high growth stocks fulfilling any of the following conditions: ? Expected growt h in profitability Turn around and corporate restructuring enabling value unlocking ? Relatively low valuation ? Mid to small cap companies 2. The Balanced Scheme: Ideal for investors looking at steady returns with low risk appetite. This portfolio consist of blend of quality blue chip and growth stocks ensuring a balance portfolio with relatively medium risk profile. Product approach: Investments are based on 3 tenets: I. Consistent, steady and sustainable returns II. Margin of safety III. Low volatility Product characteristics: ? Bottom up stock selection ? In-depth, independent fundamental research ? High quality companies with sustainable competitive advantage ? Disciplined valuation approach applying multiple valuation measures ? Medium to long term vision, resulting in low portfolio turnover Product details: ? Minimum investment: Rs. 5 lakh ? Lock in: 3 months ? Reporting: Online access to portfolio holdings, monthly reporting of portfolio holdings/transactions ? Charges: 2. 5% per annum AMC fees charged every quarter, 0. 5% brokerage, 20% profit sharing after 15% hurdle is crossed- chargeable at the end of the fiscal year. Product offerings: Cash-future Arbitrage: it spots risk free opportunities that yield greater returns than conventional risk free products. On spotting the opportunity, the stock is bought and future is sold to lock in the spread. Position is liquidated if the spread things before time or on expiry, whichever comes earlier. In this manner, the scheme moves from one opportunity to another. Product approach: There is an inherent opportunity in the spread that lies between cash and futures. When the spread is high stocks are bought; at the same time futures are sold to lock in the difference which is then bound to be zero at expiry. Product characteristics: Risk Free: On the whole, it is risk-free and can be compared to RBI bonds and GILT funds. High Returns: As compared to other zero risk products, it offers roughly an 8% post tax returns. Product details: ? Minimum Investment: Rs. 5 lakh ? Lock in: 3 months Reporting: fortnightly for portfolio net worth, monthly for portfolio holdings/Transactions ? Charges: 0. 035% brokerage for cash,0. 075% for delivery SWOT ANALYSIS Of PMS (Portfolio Management Services) offered by SHAREKHAN Ltd. Strengths In Sharekhan’s PMS (Portfolio Management Services) It has a pr oduct like NIFTY THRIFTY. It is the big strength for Sharekhan, because Sharekhan is only the license holder of NIFTY THRIFTY. Generally investors give more preference to this product because it works on the TECHNICAL basis and gives maximum returns is just about 40%. It is the maximum returns that no other product gives this much of returns to investors. The other product i. e. BETA Portfolio which works on Fundamental level. In this product 80% of the portfolio is trade in the Delivery basis and the remaining 20% is trade in Option basis i. e. buying calls/puts. so investors gets fixed returns. So the product ProTech is very big strength of the Sharekhan Ltd. Weaknesses Sharekhan’s other products ProPrime and ProArbitrage does gives as much business as ProTech. In this two products risk is low and the returns are also steady or low. In this scheme money of investors invested in RBI Bonds and GILIT funds, in this way though as compare to other zero risk products, it offers roughly 8% post tax returns. So generally because of this investors are not prefere to invest their money in this scheme. Because of large investment in PMS (Portfolio Management Services) it is minimum 5 lakh Investors does not take interest in such scheme. Sharekhan does not have the product of small investment, under 5 lakh that the retail investors also take interest in PMS (Portfolio Management Services). Opportunities As per mention above only Sharekhan has the license to operate ProTech which includes NIFTY THRIFTY and BETA portfolio so investors does not have any other option for investing there money if they want to invest in ProtTch. So this is proved as a very big opportunity for Sharekhan to capture the market and to get the customer as far as ProTech is concern. As per the studies the retail investors are taking interest in investing in PMS. Because in PMS the portfolio is managed as a individual basis. In PMS services there is a fund Manager who manages our portfolio. So now retail investors are also take part in PMS services. So it will be opportunity for Sharekhan to increase their business and will take market lead. Threats In Pune Kotak and Motilal Oswal are the good competitors of Sharekhan. Because Kotak has a 12 years experience in PMS services , they have good products like Sharekhan . The second competitor is Pukhraj Securities because they provide the PMS scheme which has the minimum investment Rs 2, 00,000/- And Sharekhan has the products which has minimum investment Rs. , 00,000/-So Pukhraj also become a good competitor for Sharekhan. Second the entries of Reliance in stock broking will defiantly create a problem for Sharekhan. Market share of different stock broker for PMS in Pune [pic] The market share for PMS in Pune is captured by Kotak more than Sharekhan as well as other stock brokers. It is leading be cause Kotak provide this service from more than 12 years. Sharekhan started this scheme from 2003. In very short period it also captures market and highly competes with Kotak. And put back to the others. [pic] Because of higher investment requisition such as minimum investment is of Rs. 5,00,000/- in PMS so the no of investors are less than other products. [pic] After taking the 100 client’s interview the result is derived as out of 100 investors 35 are go for sharekhan to invest their money. The second on the rank is Kotak. So it is proved that the PMS scheme provided by sharekhan is more preferred by investors. Conclusion After the studies I have concluded that if company provides the better product as well as schemes not only high class or higher income group will invest but the middle income group is also take interest in investing their money in share market. Only because of one best product and scheme if company launches it can be a market leader for that and will captures the more share of market. BIBLIOGRAPHY Books: – Financial Management Textbook. ? Marketing management Textbook. ? Sip student’s Manual Book. Pamphlets Printed by Various Stock Broking Firms. Web Sites: – ? www. Sharekhan. com ? www. MoneyControl. com ? www. Kotak. com ? www. AnandRathi. com ? www. MotilalOswal. com ? www. ICICIDirect. com ———————– I understand objectives of my management thesis. I prepared questionnaire to collect primary data from customers. I used data collection techniques like questionnaire & interviews. I compiled collected data using excel sheet. I analyzed collected data using various tools & graphical way. I draw conclusion from collected data & make report on it. Pune

Pacific Islands Culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pacific Islands Culture - Research Paper Example These groups of islands have both differences as well as commonalities based on culture, social structure, and historical experience. Populations migrating from other regions such as Africa and Asia began colonizing the islands over 35,000 years ago. Over the millennia, there were numerous encounters of the settlers with the outside world. Of over 6.3 million currently living in the Pacific Islands, the majority of the population of around 84% live in Melanesia, only around 9% live in Polynesia and approximately 7% live in Micronesia (Eccleston et al, 1998). Melanesia is related to the Greek words melas which means black and nesos (islands); it refers to the â€Å"physical appearance of the indigenous inhabitants of Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji and Solomon Islands† (Eccleston et al, 1998, p.249). Polynesia is related to the Greek word poly (many). It forms a triangular group of islands including Hawaii in the north, Aotearoa/ New Zealand in the south-west to Rapanul/ Easter Island in the south-east. The single culture in this unique triangle is reduced by the intrusion of colonialism. Indigenous Polynesians maintain effective sovereignty to some extent only in the inner islands, excluding the peripheral ones. Micronesia from micros (small) encompass the Northern Marianas in the north, Palau in the west, and Kiribati in the south-east. The smaller islands of Micronesia have societies similar to those in Polynesia; they are â€Å"ruled by indigenous hereditary aristocracies both before and after contact with colo nial powers† (Eccleston et al, 1998, p.249). In comparison with Polynesia and Micronesia, in most of Melanesia with some exceptions like Fiji which is on the boundary, the societies are more egalitarian with equality among men; contrastingly however, gender inequalities are greater. Originating from the Fujian province of southern China, seafaring people who spoke the Austronesian language, settled in the distant parts of Melanesia,

COINS CASH MACHINE Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

COINS CASH MACHINE - Coursework Example Porter?s five forces will be applied with regards to the viability of the proposed development. Introduction A cash machine is an electronic dispositive from which individuals with a banking card can deposit and withdraw paper money. A digital coin is a form of electronic payment)qfinance). A coin cash machine contains a housing which has an opening by which cash coins or a magnetic card may be input in order to conduct a transaction (Google Patents, 2011). The contemporary coins cash machine was invented by Yoshihgiro Watanabe. The US patent number is US4733765. The original issue date for this patent is 1972. The initial assignee is Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba. The present United States of America categorization of this patent is 194-206; 209-534; 221/12; 235-379; 273/3.01; 271/3.12; 271/160; 453/3; 902/11; 902/12; D20/4. The international categorization of the US patent for the contemporary cash management dispositive is G07F704 B07C502. The US patent which was originally invented by Yoshihiro watanabe was modified to US patent number US4023011. The initial assignee of the modified patent is Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co. Ltd. This patent is titled automatic bank note depositing machine. The US patent on the cash management dispositive which was US4023011 was modified to US patent number US4372478 on February 8th , 1983 to a fare recuperation system and the systems contained. The initial assignee of the revised patent is General Railway Signal Company. The original invention by Yoshihiro Watanabe was issued to POM, Inc. on Novemeber 14, 1989. This refernce is titled park card system for electronic parking meter. The second relevant reference is titled Parameter control system for electronic parking meter, patent number US4967895 (Google Patents 2011). The most relevant reference to the original invention by Yoshihiro watanabe was issued on April 9th , 1991. The relevant US patent was issued to Nippon Conlux co. Ltd. as a dispositive for validating and collecting p aper money and coins. The next relevant US patent was issued to Nippon Conlux co Ltd. on March 3rd, 1992. The designation of this dispositive is a device for choosing and dispensing paper currency with a magnetic card. The next relevant patent which was referenced to the original invention by Yoshihiro Watanabe was issued to Hitachi, Ltd. On February 16th, 1993, the disposive which was refernced to the original invention by Yoshihiro Watanabe is designated patent number US5186334. This disposive is designated as a bank note management system of a continuous type. The next relevant reference to the original invention by Yoshihiro Watanabe was issued to Coinstar, Inc. on September 1, 1998. The US patent number issued is US5799767. This device is designated as a maintenance dispositive and a system for a coin currency enumerator and a voucher administrator system (Google Patents 2011). The next relevant reference to the original invention by Yoshihiro Watanabe was issued on April 27th , 1999 to Capital Security Systems, Inc. This disposive is designated as an automated document cashing method. The US patent number is US5897625. The next relevant refernce was issued on November 16th, 1999 to Capital Security Systems, Inc. This dispositive was designated as an automated banking system for making change on a card or user account. The US patent number which was designated is US5987439. The next relevant reference number to the original patent number US4733765 which was invented by Yoshihiro Wata

Financial Covenants Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Covenants - Essay Example (Mckean, 2005; Law, 2005; Moles and Terry 1997). For example, Junk Bonds whether secured or unsecured are always subordinate to debts to banks and Subordinated debt that ranks behind other issues of the same class is referred to as junior debt. (Law, 2005). Mezzanine finance, a typical example of subordinated debt is funding that possesses both equity and debt characteristics and it is usually provided by specialists' financial institutions. This funding like other forms of subordinated debt carries a very high risk of default and as a result earns a higher rate of return than pure debt although less than equity. Mezzanine finance can be secured or unsecured. (Smullen and Hand, 2005). Due to its mixed nature of both equity and debt characteristics, investors have the opportunity to earn interest alongside their equity stake in the company. (Terry and Brian, 2000). Mezzanine financing is also attractive to banks since it offers interest higher than that paid for senior debt especially in environments where competition makes it difficult for them to provide funding at the normal lending rate thus encouraging banks to embark on mezzanine financing as a means of earning higher returns. (Terry and Brian, 2000). The borrowing base of potential takeovers in the UK has increased as a result of increase willingness by UK lenders or investors to provide mezzanine finance. For example, bids for the Gateway and Magnet companies in the UK involved very large amounts of subordinated debt and as such reflect the importance of mezzanine finance to borrowers in large acquisitions, were financing required is beyond the limits set by equity and senior debt providers in their own lending criteria. (Terry and Brian, 2000). Terry and Brian (2000) assert that because inclusion of mezzanine debt allows a lower equity share as a percentage of the total funds provided than straight equity investment, equity investors prefer such inclusion in deal structures since it will improve returns to the equity shareholders. Including mezzanine in a deal reduces the investment required from equity investors by a percentage, which is higher than a reduction in their ultimate shareholding and therefore increases the overall return on investment. Mezzanine finance has also been used as a strategy for leveraged buy-outs, corporate takeovers and other acquisitions. The first instance of using mezzanine finance in such a way was in the United States of America. (Terry and Brian, 2000). The first instance in the United Kingdom was for the buy-out of Evans Halshaw. (Terry and Brian, 2000). Because of the separation of ownership from control and also as a result of information asymmetry between debt holders and the management of the company, it is has become a common practice that the loan agreement or indenture contains ratio covenants and other covenants so as to prevent the debt holders from losing their money in the event of insolvency or bankruptcy liquidation. In the preceding paragraph, we take a closer look at some of the covenants and assess their validity in actually providing protection to lenders or debt holders. Covenants and Events of Default Terry and Brian (2000) define Covenants as promises by the borrower to do or not to do certain things during the term of the debt facility. Events of Default are defined events which, if

Combining Anomaly and Signature based Intrusion Detection Systems Essay

Combining Anomaly and Signature based Intrusion Detection Systems - Essay Example The researcher states that the Internet continues to modernize the world’s economy. It is apparently changing the way people live, study, work, participate, and devour. At the hub, of this rebellion is technology. Technology has moved from the "back office" to the leading edge. Namely, the interface between the customer and the organization has changed spectacularly. Increasingly, technology is shifting the organization’s associations with its customers from a "face-to-face" to a "screen-to-face" communication. The Internet is not an  innovation  that concerns only one or two sectors of the economy. Because it revolutionizes the way businesses should prudently  systematize  their activities and go to the market, the Internet affects all economic commotions. Organizations maintain data communication networks for paperless business operations along with enhanced communication. On the other hand, threats and vulnerabilities related to data communication networks ar e significantly increasing. Firewalls are not considered as the only solution because these intelligent viruses and malicious codes tend to pass through it. In order to enable advanced security measures, Intrusion Detections Systems are recommended for corporate networks. The types include network-based IDS, host-based IDS, and software-based IDS. These types are further categorized into signature-based IDS which is also referred as misuse detection, and Anomaly Detection. The functionality of ‘signature-based IDS’ is dependent on known signatures. The word ‘known’ is important because threats that are detecting so far are categorized as known threats and are called signatures. Signature-based IDS only detect threats similar to the defined available signatures and do not comply with any new threat. Whereas, Anomaly-based IDS detect unknown activities within the network and detect them as threats and vulnerabilities. These two IDS types comply with different types of methods, process, and various profiles that are discussed in the next part of this coursework. II. Signature-Based IDS The signature-based IDS analyze and identify specific patterns of attacks that are recognized by raw data that is in terms of byte sequences called strings, port number, protocol types etc. Likewise, apart from the normal operational pattern, signature-based IDS detects any activity that is unusual from previously defined patterns. Moreover, the patterns are monitored with strict control algorithms. The signatures are stored in a signature repository. The prime object of a ‘signature-based IDS’ is to search signatures in order to detect a threat or vulnerability that is similar to antivirus software that also detects viruses. The functionality of IDS is to detect attacks that are initiated directly towards the network. Moreover, IDS tries to identify as many events as possible and therefore generate logs.