Team Creation Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Group Creation Paper - Essay Example Inability to build up these two significant parts that ought to portray the characteristics of the colleagues will prone to affect contrarily on the undertaking. Another thought when choosing colleagues is the part of accessibility. This involves individuals who are adaptable and focused on the extend and can be promptly accessible are given inclination than chancers. Another thought in choosing the colleagues is that they ought to have something to add to the general venture. Colleagues are chosen based on the information and aptitudes they have about that specific venture. In a similar vein, these individuals should demonstrate an ability to coexist with the other colleagues towards the fulfillment of the objectives of the venture. Another methodology that can be utilized to choose venture colleagues is through the foundation of the members’ readiness to comply with the guidelines and the boundaries of the undertaking. The individuals who are not set up to learn or share the ir thoughts may not be proficient to be chosen as colleagues. b. A portion of the group building systems will be laid out in detail underneath. As a matter of first importance, an undertaking breakdown is the establishment for group building which encourages the venture administrator to relegate the ideal individuals to the correct task assignments (Morris 2008). This establishment phase of group building is worried about setting the vision, objectives and destinations of the group. This methodology is significant in group working in that it obviously spells the course whereupon all the individuals from the group ought to follow towards the fulfillment of the venture objectives set. The other methodology in group building includes explaining the jobs of the colleagues. This limits clashes and misjudging as every single individual from the group will know about the job desire in the undertaking. The other procedure of group building is fixated on setting up bunch standards that will shape the direct of all the colleagues. Deciding the undertaking forms is another key factor in building a venture group which will advance group cohesiveness. Elements identified with the group, for example, issues identified with association of the colleagues, correspondence, dynamic procedure also quantifies for compromise are a portion of the techniques that can be contemplated when assembling a task group. These variables assume a significant job as they are intended to guarantee that the objectives of the group are plainly spelled just as endeavoring to limit the odds of contentions in the group. c. Inside a various task group, expected zones of contention might be an aftereffect of negative conduct among individuals from the group where the individuals may differ with each other or the course of the group (Kerzner 2006). The significant reason for strife in a group is the part of assorted variety which incorporates such factors as age, culture, sexual orientation and work est eems. In certain occurrences, senior representatives may endeavor to defiant their lesser by ideals of status as far as age which is a reason for struggle. This can likewise go connected at the hip with the part of sexual orientation where now and again ladies might be looked downward on by temperance of their sex and sex. This is a significant reason for struggle where there is out of line treatment of the individuals from the group based on sexual orientation. Social factors in a various proje

Australia :: essays research papers

Australia Australia is the world's littlest mainland and 6th biggest nation. With proportionately more desert land than some other mainland, Australia has a low populace thickness. Lying totally in the Southern Hemisphere, Australia is limited by the Indian Ocean on the west and south and by the Pacific Ocean on the east. These seas converge on the north in the Arafura Sea between Australia also, Indonesia and New Guinea, and on the south in the Bass Strait. The coastline length, evaluated at 19,200 km (12,000 mi), is astoundingly short for so huge a region, an aftereffect of the overall absence of space. Significant gulfs other than the Gulf of CARPENTARIA and the GREAT AUSTRALIAN BIGHT are not many. A self-administering individual from the Commonwealth of Nations, Australia commended its bicentennial in 1988z. It is an alliance of five terrain states (NEW SOUTH Ridges, QUEENSLAND, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, VICTORIA, WESTERN AUSTRALIA) and one island state (TASMANIA), just as two regions (AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY, NORTHERN TERRITORY). The nation's name gets from the Latin land australis incognita, which means "unknown southern land," which came about because of a disarray among Australia and Antarctica on early world maps. From various perspectives Australia is bizarre among landmasses. It needs significant help includes and has a high extent of dry land. The landmass' separation from different landmasses represents its one of a kind assortments of vegetation and creature life, what's more, for the presence of a Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) culture among the Natives. With the exception of Antarctica, Australia was most likely the last landmass to be occupied by people and the last to be investigated and settled by Europeans. It is the main mainland including a solitary country state. Dutch travelers initially located Australia in the mid seventeenth century. Capt. James COOK investigated the east coast in 1770 and guaranteed the land for Great Britain. In 1778 the principal settlement (SYDNEY) was established at a brilliant harbor on the

5 Ways to Get Your Student Loans Forgiven

5 Ways to Get Your Student Loans Forgiven As if going through college is not hard enough, graduation means there is another burden to be shouldered. This burden is that of repaying your student loans.With all the celebration that comes with graduation, you would think that life is about to get smoother. That you would look for a job and get one sooner than later.Earn a good income to sustain yourself and pay your bills, including debts like student loans.Unfortunately, things don’t always work as hoped for.You may go out there and find it a real struggle getting a job. What do you do? What happens when the 6-month grace period comes to an end?Pending bills can be a major issue, especially soon after college. And if you don’t get a job quickly, then stress starts building up. Source: Kemble FinancialLike many others, you may have been told that if you studied hard and passed your exams, you would get a good job.After that, you proceed to buy a home and raise a family.But if that good job doesn’t come along soon, all these can seem as nothing but wishes.But hope is not lost. At least not in repaying your loan.WHY SHOULD YOU SEEK LOAN FORGIVENESS?Today we’re telling you what you can do to reduce your student loan burden.Just like any other debt, these loans can weigh you down to the point of unmanageable stress.At that point, you may struggle to even make a good decision on a daily basis.There can be many reasons why your loan repayment is taking a toll on you.But whatever the reason, you need to deal with this debt.HOW TO GET YOUR STUDENT LOANS FORGIVENContrary to what many think, you don’t have to struggle with your loan if you can’t repay it. This does not mean that you should decide not to pay up what you borrowed.That would not be wise. It woul d deny many others an opportunity similar to the one you got.Imagine what would happen if all borrowers never paid back their loans.If you borrowed money to help you in your college years, the best thing to do is to pay back. This will help others borrow too.But in the event that you are unable to repay the loan, then there are ways of dealing with it. These are meant to help those who genuinely want to pay back but can’t.The reasons might be anything from unemployment to extremely low salaries.For this reason, various programs have been developed to help reduce your burden. We are going to look at 5 ways in which you could have your student loan forgiven.In some of these cases, you will have a certain amount forgiven so that your balance is greatly reduced. In other cases, you can get the full balance canceled.There are various options in the repayment of your student loan. The below video from Federal Student Aid has some helpful information about this. With that information, le t’s get into the loan forgiveness options.Alternative 1: JOIN THE MILITARYEver fancied being part of the marines? Maybe even the Navy Seals?A career in the military can be adventurous. It is also a sacrificial service as you put your life in the line for your country.But isn’t this a great way of serving your country?One things that gets embedded into the lives of service men and women is patriotism.These people are also always ready to serve.There are also many benefits of joining the military. And in the context of our discussion on student loans, this is another reason. Your career in the military can both pay for your college as well as repay your college loans.This happens under the Military College Loan Repayment Program (CLRP). This program has been designed to be an incentive for new recruits.And it’s an incentive that works very well. It can help you clear up to $65,000 worth of student loan debt.The different branches of the military have different payment terms and the amounts vary. The payments are made directly to the lender and start after you have completed one year in active duty.Eligible LoansIt is important for you to know that not all types of loans can be serviced by the CLRP.The below loans are the ones eligible for repayment:Stafford Student LoanAuxiliary Loan Assistance for Students (ALAS)Parents Loans for Undergraduate Students (PLUS)Consolidated Loan ProgramFederally Insured Student Loans (FISL)Supplemental Loans for Students (SLS)Perkins LoanAs a hopeful for the loan repayment program, you still must have certain qualifications. Some are general, i.e. they cover all the service branches.Others however are more specific to particular branches.For those specific to particular branches of the military, you just have to confirm when seeking recruitment.Qualifications for CLRPHere is what you need for eligibility into the CLRP:Be a first-time recruit enlisting for at least 3 years of serviceMust have a qualifying specialtyMust have a score of at least 50 on the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB)If enlisting in the Air Force or Navy, you must sign up for a minimum of 4 years. If enlisting in the National Guard, the minimum duration of service is 6 years.Alternative 2: GET AN INCOME-DRIVEN REPAYMENT PLANAnother way to get your student loan forgiven is by applying for an Income-Driven Repayment plan. This is the method many Americans are using to repay their college loans.This plan is helpful because it takes into account your income. It ensures that the repayment of your loan will not be burdensome.In your repaying, you can at least remain with enough to live on. Considerations of your family size are made to ensure a comfortable repayment.The amounts to be paid every month are determined by the amount of discretionary income you have. Discretionary income is the amount of money you have that is above the federal poverty level.The best part of using the IDR plan is that you get to pay the lowest m onthly amounts possible. And since your payments are based on your earnings, they can be adjusted if your income levels change.At the same time, some drawbacks exist. There are two which are the biggest. One is the need to annually re-certify your income status and eligibility.This process helps determine the amounts to be paid over the next year.The other issue is that interests are usually accumulating when using this plan.As much as your monthly payments will be lower, there will be more payments in interests by the time you’re done with the loan.Types of PlansThe IDR plan is an umbrella term for four different plans. They all are based on your income levels but individually, they have slightly different terms.The percentages from your discretionary income is different and so is the repayment period.Here are the different Income-Driven Repayment plans with some details about them.1. Pay As You Earn (PAYE) Repayment PlanThis plan has payments capped at 10% of your discretionary income. The repayment period is 20 years. This is also the loan forgiveness period. Any loan balance after this period is forgiven.2. Revised Pay As You Earn (REPAYE) Repayment PlanThis repayment plan also has its payments capped at 10% of your discretionary income. The payment period differs depending on the purpose of the loan.If the loan was for an undergraduate study, the period is 20 years. If for a graduate or professional study, the repayment period is 25 years.3. Income-Based Repayment (IBR) PlanYour repayments in this plan depend on when you took the loan. Loans taken before July 1st 2014 have a payment of 15% maximum of your discretionary income. Your repayment period will be 25 years.If you took the loan on or after July 1st 2014, the payment is 10% maximum of your discretionary income. The payment period will be 20 years.4. Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR) PlanWith ICR, your repayment amount is 20% of your discretionary income. The repayment period is 25 years.Eligible LoansNot all loans are eligible for the income-driven repayment plan. In some cases, loans may need to be consolidated in order to be eligible. Here are some of the loans you can repay through the IDR plans:Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized loansDirect PLUS loans taken by graduate or professional studentsFederal Perkins Loans (if consolidated into a Direct Consolidation Loan)Direct Consolidation Loans which didn’t repay any PLUS loans taken by parentsA more comprehensive list of eligible loans can be found here. The kind of loan you have will determine the kind of plan you apply for.While some loans are not eligible in some plans, they are in others.Alternative 3: JOIN THE PUBLIC SERVICE LOAN FORGIVENESS PROGRAMThe Public Service Loan Forgiveness program works a bit differently from the others.This is especially so considering that your loan balance could be forgiven after making 120 qualifying monthly payments. This means forgiveness after a repayment period of 10 years.The cave at however is that these repayment amounts have to be made under a qualifying repayment plan. This also has to be done while working full-time for a qualifying employer. You will notice that there are several terms in this description which need proper defining.Let’s look at these terms to ensure you understand how exactly the PSLF program works.Qualifying employer â€" a qualifying employer is basically one of three types. It may be a local, state or federal government agency or a not-for-profit organization which is tax-exempt under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code.There are other not-for-profit organizations which are not tax-exempt under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code though still qualify to be qualified employers.These are those which provide public services like public safety, early childhood education, public library services etc.Some of the employers who are not qualified employers include labor unions, for-profit organizations and partisan pol itical organizations.Qualifying payment â€" this is the due amount on your bill which is paid within 15 days of the due date. This payment is done while working full-time in a qualifying employment. The payment counts if it was made after October 1st 2007 under a qualifying repayment plan.If you are within the grace period or have applied for deferment or forbearance, you shouldn’t make payments.Such payments will not count as qualifying payments.For the payment to count, get the deferment or forbearance waived or let the grace period end.Note that the 120 qualifying monthly payments do not have to be consecutive. In cases of job loss, any payment done before a period of non-payment will not be lost.You can continue paying after you get another job or start working for another qualified employer.Full-time qualifying employment â€" this is either the definition of “full-time” as made by your employer or work which is at least 30 hours per week. Whichever of these two is greater , that is the full-time duration needed by PSLF.You might be working part-time for more than one qualifying employers at the same time.In this case, you could reach the full-time duration if the combined average time worked in the different employments total 30 hours per week.Time spent in some activities engaged by some not-for-profit organizations will not count towards full-time work.Time which is spent on religious instruction, worship services, or any form of proselytizing will not count as full-time work.Qualifying repayment plan â€" this is any of the repayment plans included in the Income-Driven Repayment plan. These have been discussed above.Eligible loansThe only loans eligible for PSLF are direct loans. If you have any other loans such as the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) or the Federal Perkins Loan, these are not eligible. Defaulted loans are also not eligible.To make the FFEL and Perkins loan eligible, you will have to consolidate them into a Direct Consolidation Loan.Below are the eligible loans for PSLF:Direct loansDirect consolidation loansDirect Stafford loansDirect PLUS loansNOTE: PSLF does not have a maximum amount to be forgiven. As long as you have made the required qualifying payments, you are good to go. These payments are also retroactive. If you have made 120 qualifying payments, then your loan can be forgiven right now.With PSLF, the forgiven amount is not taxable.Alternative 4: FILE FOR BANKRUPCYIf your situation is really bad and cannot afford to make any payment, you can file for bankruptcy. This process is not the easiest path to take.Filing for bankruptcy will lead you to the court where you’ll need to prove your inability to repay your loan.For the court to discharge your student loan, you’ll have to prove that repaying the loan will cause you an undue hardship.This means making your life and that of your dependents extremely difficult.Courts normally use what is referred to as the Brunner test to determine your eligi bility for a bankruptcy discharge. Through the test, it has to be proven that:Given your current financial situation, repaying the loan would make you and your dependents unable to have a minimal standard of livingThe current hardship situation will continue for a significant part of your loan repayment periodYou have put in the effort to try and repay the loanEven after filing for bankruptcy, it is not automatic that the court will discharge your loan.There are at least three possible determinations which the court may make. These are:The court may agree with you and fully discharge your loan. This means that you won’t have to make any repayments.The court may agree with you but decide that you can still pay some of the amount required. It will then determine the amount.Though agreeing with you on the difficulty in repaying the loan, the court might simply reject your request for discharge. In that case, it may require you to pay the loan under more favorable terms. These may inc lude lower interest rates and a longer repayment period.Alternative 5: PERKINS LOAN FORGIVENESSIf you have a Perkins loan, it can be canceled or discharged. Cancellation happens based on eligible employment or volunteer service. Discharge on the other hand, is only available under certain circumstances.For cancellations, the eligible employment and volunteer services include those working as:TeachersEarly childhood education providerFirefighterNurse or medical technicianSpeech pathologist holding a Master’s degree at Title I schoolVolunteers with AmeriCorps VISTA or Peace CorpsMost of the cancellations are 100% after 5 years of full-time working. For the AmeriCorps VISTA or Peace Corps volunteers, they get up to 70% canceled in 4 years.CONCLUSIONYou can pursue any of these avenues to get your student loan forgiven. If you’re fresh from college, this might be a good time to plan ahead.When you take one of these paths early enough, you know that not only are you working, but are a lso actively minimizing your debt burden.

Investment Portfolio Management - 6559 Words

|IPM Project Report | | | | | |Investment Portfolio Creation | |using | |†¦show more content†¦It’s actually a very simple quantitative stock ranking scheme. It uses return on capital and earnings yield as inputs. Return on capital is the metric that shows whether a business is a good one or not. Earnings yield is the metric that shows whether a company is cheap or not. Greenblatt suggests using these measures to identify good but cheap businesses, and buy them. That’s the secret behind the ‘magic formula’. In â€Å"The Little Book That Beats The Market,† Greenblatt calculated hypothetical returns for the 1988-2004 period. The magic formula returned an average 30.8% per year, while the market return was 12.3% and the SP 500 returned an average 12.4%. So this formula beats the market by 18% per year. The two things he looks at are earnings yield, which is how cheap the company is. A simple earnings yield would be the inverse of the P/E ratio or earnings to price. So, in other words, if something earned $2 and it cost you $10 a share, you’d have a 20% earnings yield. It uses a more sophisticated metric than just earnings, than just price. But the concept is the same. It uses EBIT–earnings before interest and taxes and compares that to enterprise value, which is the market value of a company’s stock plus the long-term debt that a company has. That adjusts for companies that haveShow MoreRelatedInvestment Analysis Portfolio Management1583 Words   |  7 PagesHere is the term paper on investment analysis portfolio management from 31st may to 1st august. Now you will see that we have collected stock information and calculate relative things to evaluate our performance. We think that if anybody want to invest in the DSE , this term paper can help them to make decision whether or not they will invest or not and what strategy should they follow. 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My Statement of Purpose for a Masters Course in Management...

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Those years were invaluable from a learning standpoint, as I was able to develop analytical and engineering skills I would use throughout my academic career. During this time period I initiated many projects, the majority of which included mechanical inventions, electromechanical devices and explorations of electronics. During this time I also began to develop an interest in computer networking and the study of the TCP/IP command set. Specifically I became fascinated with how the Blackberry could simultaneously send andShow MoreRelatedWhy I Learned Technical Management1100 Words   |  5 PagesStatement of Purpose Introduction Information is important. It is essential. Club it with technology and it becomes vital. Now, add management to the mix and we have a modern, futuristic way of life. Technology and management, both have been around for years now, but individually. While they are solid on their own, when we bring them together we have a true game changer. 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Not only have I gained valuable academic knowledge, but I have also learnt communication skills and how to apply them for the best outcomes in group settings. In fact, I already understand that hard work and optimism (qualities that did me well in my eleven years as a health care assistant in nursing homes for theRead MoreThe Importance Of Making Valid Decision And Strategizing On Business, Polity And Market Front Essay1271 Words   |  6 Pages1 I still remember the days in my universities as if it were yesterday. In those days I worked with lot of national and international organizations, which are working in varied sectors and bringing change by modern methodologies. In second year of my under-graduate, I founded a Non-Governmental Organization named Fep-Si (Forum for Empowering people through Social Innovation and Entertainment) and worked with another organization named Alexis Foundation as research associate for designing public policy

The Louisiana Purchase Free Essays

Describe the events leading to the purchase of the Louisiana Territory in 1803. Discuss the terms of the treaty and how Jefferson reconciled his strict interpretation of the Constitution with the acquisition of the territory. Before the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the entire Louisiana territory covered what is today known as the Midwest. We will write a custom essay sample on The Louisiana Purchase or any similar topic only for you Order Now The purchase of the land was a monumental step in the expansion of the United States. Thomas Jefferson became the 2nd president of the United States in 1800 and assumed control in 1801.He envisioned a society of independent farmers that were free from the restraints of industrial towns and the mobs of European cities (Brinkley p. 181). In 1763, France lost control of the Louisiana Territory to Great Britain. Under the Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1800, France regained control of Louisiana in an acquisition that Napoleon Bonaparte hoped would become the heart of the great French empire in America (Brinkley p. 200). Napoleon envision a French empire that would control much of the trade and establish French dominance in the New World.All was not well within the French empire though; African slaves in San Domingo would revolt under the leadership of Toussaint L’Ouverture in the West Indies. Napoleon would have to send an army to restore order in the Indies. This revolt was but the start of the problems of Napoleon realizing his ambitions in America (Brinkley p. 200). Thomas Jefferson had begun to reconsider his association with France after he learned of the secret treaty in which France regained Louisiana.Jefferson had become even more alarmed in the fall of 1802 when he learned that the Spanish intendant who controlled the Louisiana Territory had announced a new regulation (Brinkley p. 200). American vessels had long used the Mississippi River as a supply route to get cargo to New Orleans in order to load ocean bound ships for export. The new regulation revealed by the Spanish forbade the use of the route effectively shutting down the lower Mississippi. Upon learning of the new regulation, Jefferson sent his French ambassador to negotiate the purchase of New Orleans (Brinkley p. 00). His ambassador, Robert Livingston, took it upon himself to try and purchase the majority of western Louisiana as well. While Livingston was trying to acquire Louisiana, Jefferson had persuaded Congress to appropriate funds to expand the army and the construction of a river fleet (Brinkley p. 200). Jefferson wanted to give the illusion that the US had partnered with the British if the problems with France were not resolved soon. Shortly afterward, Napoleon decided to accept the United States offer to purchase Louisiana. On April 30, 1803, James Monroe and Richard Livingston signed the agreement with France for the purchase. The United States purchased Louisiana from the French for $80,000,000 francs ($15mil US. ). The US also had to promise certain exclusive commercial privileges to France and to incorporate its residents into the Union (Brinkley p. 201). The agreement stated that Louisiana would occupy the â€Å"same extent† as it had when France and Spain had controlled it (Brinkley p. 202). Thomas Jefferson was pleased with the acquisition of Louisiana but was unsure if he possessed the authority to accept the agreement terms. He was convinced by his advisors that with this treaty making power under the Constitution, that his acceptance of the agreement was justified. In 1803, the French assumed control of Louisiana from Spain and immediately transferred the rights to the territory to the United States. Louisiana was admitted into the Union as a recognized state in 1812. Brinkley p. 202) The purchase of Louisiana was a major step in the development of the Midwestern United States. Gaining control of the territory from France helped the United States regain the power to transport goods down the Mississippi River to get to the port of New Orleans. This was a big deal to the United States as New Orleans was the focal point of moving goods across the ocean for export.Bibliography †¢ Brinkley, A. (2007). American History: A Survey. Boston: McGraw Hill. How to cite The Louisiana Purchase, Papers

Cloud Computing Technology Cloud Computing Service Models

Question: Discuss about the Cloud Computing Technology for Cloud Computing Service Models. Answer: Introduction London Bikes Ltd. is a small and medium sized enterprise, also known as an SME, which is located in the heart of London. The company is into selling of high end bicycles that are specifically meant for city riding and also takes custom orders from customer. The company hosts a website internally and has a full-fledged database management system, which the company uses for customer accounts, orders and billing. The IT capabilities of the company are also used to manage the pay role of their workforce. The company has recently gained knowledge about cloud computing and it is planning to implement cloud storage in their business so that they could increase the level of customer services and satisfaction. The first priority of the company is to create a backup of all its confidential information on a cloud server so that it could be saved from any man-made or natural disaster. Therefore, this report is aimed at providing an introduction of cloud computing to the company and discussing it s benefits, along with some success stories and deployment recommendations. Cloud Computing In the past few years, we have seen some of the best innovations that the technology could have ever made possible. From virtual reality to robots and artificial intelligence, technology has shocked us in a great way and has also made out life simpler. One such innovation of technology has been cloud computing that has actually helped millions of small, medium and large business organisations in increasing the efficiency of their business operations. Cloud computing, in simple words, is an internet service that hosts and delivers online storage services [1]. It provides shared computer processing resources and data to information technology devices on demand. The concept of cloud computing has evolved in the past few years as companies have been able to save a lot of their operational costs by eliminating the need to maintain huge and costly data banks and shifting all their information and data on to cloud storage servers. Cloud computing was coined to denote computer infrastructure as a cloud from where business owners and individuals could extract data on demand from anywhere in the world [10]. Characteristics Of Cloud Computing Let us now discuss some characteristic features of cloud computing: Self-service Per-Usage Metering and Billing Multiple Backend Hypervisors Storage virtualization Interface to public clouds Virtual clusters Reservation and negotiation mechanism [10] Benefits Of Cloud Computing Let us now discuss some advantages of cloud computing, which can be enjoyed by the organisation once it implements cloud computing in the company: Cost Savings one of the main benefits of cloud computing is that it helps companies in saving a lot IT costs. Businesses, no matter small, medium or large, work in order to earn money, which can be done only when the operational costs and expenses can be reduced. With cloud computing sever in place, business organisations can save a lot of their expenses by eliminating the costs related to in-house server storage and application requirements [2]. Reliability Cloud computing is managed by service provides and hence, it is much more reliable and consistent that a companys in-house infrastructure. Cloud computing service providers provide uninterrupted services and also prevent business organisations from the loss of important information or data as the data stored on the cloud servers can be easily retrieved at any point of time. Cloud service providers provide 24/7/365 availability and in case of failure, the applications being hosted on the server can be quickly transferred to any available server [2]. Improved collaboration one of the most amazing benefits of cloud computing is that it provides improved collaboration amongst all the operational units of an organisation [3]. By implementing a cloud computing server in the organisation, London Bikes Ltd. will be able to create, view, edit and share information and data amongst all the operational units of the company without any hassle. With improved collaboration, the company will be able to provide better products and services to the customers [4]. Scalability/Flexibility another major benefit of cloud computing is its scalability or flexibility. London Bikes Ltd. would be able to easily scale up or scale down its operations and storage needs according to the demand of the situation. Rather than investing into the acquisition of new infrastructure, software or hardware [4]. Some cloud service providers have made their services highly flexible so that it can be tailored according to the needs of the customers. Service Models And Available Real-World Services Cloud computing is becoming increasingly famous in the modern day world as it is convenient, cost-effective, all time available and provides on demand network access to information and data whenever required. Cloud computing comes with three service models: Software as a Service (SaaS) In this service model, the customers are allowed to use the application of the provider that is running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications are made accessible to the customer through a thin client interface or through a program interface [5]. Platform as a Service (PaaS) in this service model, the customers are provided with the capability to deploy a cloud infrastructure, which is acquired by the customer, but is developed using applications, languages, services, etc. that are supported by the provider [5]. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) in this service model, the customers are given the opportunity to gain access to processing, storage, networks and other fundamental computing resources. The customer is also allowed to run the arbitrary software that can consist of operating system and applications. The only thing that the consumer is not allowed to control is the cloud infrastructure [5]. Cloud computing is being considered as the next big thing and beyond doubt, sooner or later, it will eliminate the need of using large storage devices and heavy investments to extend storage spaces. As a result, there are a number of companies that have started providing cloud computing services to business organisations and individuals. Some of these service providers are: Amazon web services Amazon is one of the best cloud computing service in the market that provides a combination of IaaS and PaaS cloud services [7]. Amazon Web Services has a huge list of almost 70 services that span across a wide range including compute, storage, networking, application services, etc. Google Cloud Service Google too has been providing cloud services since quite a long time now. Googles Drive cloud storage has been providing storage solutions to millions of customers. Google also offers cloud computing services that are related to IaaS model. Googles platform includes a wide variety of hosted servers that allow computing, storage and application development that are run on the hardware of the company itself [8]. Cloud Computing And Virtualization Virtualization refers to the creation of a virtual version of something, such as a virtual version of a storage device, operating system, etc. Virtualization can be of many types, such as network virtualization, storage virtualization, server virtualization, etc. Virtualization can help in increasing the processing power of the information system by centralizing the administrative tasks and improving scalability of workloads. Network virtualization, storage visualization and server virtualization can be together used to make the concept of cloud computing better and more secure than ever before. [9]. The concept of storage virtualization helps service providers in extending the storage capacities of the cloud by allocating more memory. Further, the concept of software virtualization allows business organisations to use the same software on a large number of information systems by creating a virtual layer. Virtualization in cloud technology aims at managing the workload by making the traditional form of computing more scalable, efficient and economical. When cloud computing is related to virtual technology, it makes it possible for the organisation to run multiple operating systems and multiple applications on the same server at the same time. Thus, the concept of cloud computing still has to reach its pinnacle and would change the entire IT infrastructure once it does [13]. Deployment Recommendations The company, as stated in the case study, is a small and medium sized company that operates in London. Therefore, it is obvious that the company would not be eager enough to invest its important resources in acquiring costly cloud computing services. Cloud computing comes in different service models, such as IaaS, SaaS or PaaS, etc. and each of the models can have different cost structure for the investor. The service models and the cost structure would depend upon the companys requirements for access and its ability to handle the operations of cloud computing itself. The company should, first of all, prepare a list of cloud computing service providers and shortlist the ones which have simpler service models, provide cheaper services and offer very less maintenance on the customers part. Cloud computing service providers, such as amazon web services, Google Drive, Dropbox, etc. can be included in the list as they are some of the most cost effective cloud services. Amazon Web Services and Google Cloud are two of the few best cloud computing service providers in the market and the rivalry between the two is a common topic in the market. Where Google has a huge platform and numbers attached to it, Amazon too is a tough competitor with more services to offer. AWS also offers a wider variety of services and has higher quality. Therefore, AWS is a clear winner when it comes to quantity and quality. On the other hand, Google is no less. Google has an advantage of Big Data with it and in a number of cases Google Cloud scores higher than AWS. Therefore, it is clear that both the platforms have some competitive advantages over the other and it would totally rely upon the preference of the company whether it would go with AWS or Google Cloud. Overall, London Bikes Ltd. should clearly weigh the advantages of the two, relate them with their business operations and acquire the one which would best serve their purpose. Migration Strategies Migrating to new software altogether is not an easy task for any company. It requires a lot of confidence and professional guidance to accurately set up the whole system on a new software, hardware or technology. Similarly, it would not be easy for London Bikes Ltd. to migrate to cloud computing altogether and leave all its traditional forms of computing. The company will have to work patiently and at a steady pace, it should slowly shift all its computing or information technology related work to cloud computing. Initially, the company will have to implement cloud computing in the workplace at a very small scale. By acquiring a simpler and a less complicated service application, the company would be able to pilot test the benefits of the cloud computing software and would be able to predict the future prospects of the same. The company should go for either SaaS or IaaS service models as they are less complicated and do not require the customer to take care of a lot of things or maintain them from time to time. Once the company is able to decide and implement a cloud computing platform, it should start to shift its customer information on to it. The company should ensure that it has a safe backup of all its files that are being transferred on to the cloud server as some things might go wrong in the first attempt. Once the company has all its customer information saved on the cloud, it can allow all the operational units of the organisation to use the cloud server and gain access to the informa tion stored on it for serving the customers when they come. If the company finds the cloud server to be useful and secure enough, it can then start to transfer its classified or confidential information on the cloud. Another major concern in cloud computing is related to security. As it is evident that the company will shift to cloud computing and would allow access of data to different users from multiple devices, security issues will definitely occur. If the management or the IT staff is unable to track the cloud server properly, it can be easily breached by outside entities and a lot of harm can be caused to the information or data stored on the cloud server. London Bikes Ltd. should also ensure that there are different levels of authentication in the organisation as all the information cannot be made available to all the people. Therefore, using unique ID passwords, the management can restrict the level of access that the employees will have to the cloud server. Once the company starts using the cloud server properly, it can contact the service provider for extra storage space whenever required, any security modifications, special customizations, etc. Conclusion London Bikes Ltd. has an exceptional business model and its unique idea will definitely bring a lot of business opportunities in the future if the company continues to perform well. To perform well in the market and to gain market competencies, it is must that the company should implement cloud computing as soon as possible as it would make it easier for the management to manage all the work operations and serve the customers in the best possible manner. Therefore, the company should take its time, conduct a detailed analysis on the cloud service providers, chose the one which suits their business purpose and should quickly migrate to cloud computing. References [3]"11 Advantages of Cloud Computing | Skyhigh Networks", Skyhigh Networks, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.skyhighnetworks.com/cloud-security-blog/11-advantages-of-cloud-computing-and-how-your-business-can-benefit-from-them/. [Accessed: 13- Aug- 2016]. [2]"Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloud Computing | LevelCloud", LevelCloud, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.levelcloud.net/why-levelcloud/cloud-education-center/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-cloud-computing/. [Accessed: 13- Aug- 2016]. [4]"Benefits of cloud computing | Queensland Government", Business.qld.gov.au, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.business.qld.gov.au/business/running/technology-for-business/cloud-computing-business/cloud-computing-benefits. [Accessed: 14- Aug- 2016]. [10]R. Buyya, J. Broberg and A. Gos cin ski, Cloud computing. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley, 2011. [5]Q. Devery, "The three types of Cloud Computing Service Models", Paranet.com, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.paranet.com/blog/bid/128267/The-three-types-of-Cloud-Computing-Service-Models. [Accessed: 14- Aug- 2016]. [11]T. Erl, R. Puttini and Z. Mahmood, Cloud computing. . [14]R. Krutz and R. Vines, Cloud security. Indianapolis, Ind.: Wiley Pub., 2010. [13]L. Malhotra, D. Agarwal and A. Jaiswal, Virtualization in Cloud Computing, 1st ed. 2014. [12]S. Smoot and N. Tan, Private cloud computing. Waltham, MA: Morgan Kaufmann, 2012. [6]D. Sullivan, "Cloud Computing Solutions: IaaS, PaaS, SaaS", Tom's IT Pro, 2014. [Online]. Available: https://www.tomsitpro.com/articles/cloud-computing-solutions,1-1755.html. [Accessed: 14- Aug- 2016]. [7]D. Sullivan, "PaaS Provider Comparison Guide: Amazon AWS as a PaaS - IaaS PaaS in One", Tom's IT Pro, 2013. [Online]. Available: https://www.tomsitpro.com/articles/amazon-aws-paas-iaas-cloud-computing,2-608.html. [Accessed: 14- Aug- 2016]. [1]"What is cloud computing? - Definition from WhatIs.com", SearchCloudComputing, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/definition/cloud-computing. [Accessed: 13- Aug- 2016]. [8]"What is Google Cloud Platform? - Definition from WhatIs.com", SearchCloudComputing, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/definition/Google-Cloud-Platform. [Accessed: 14- Aug- 2016]. [9]"What is virtualization? - Definition from WhatIs.com", SearchServerVirtualization, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://searchservervirtualization.techtarget.com/definition/virtualization. [Accessed: 14- Aug- 2016].